Diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) e visitação floral em uma área de Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i3.800Keywords:
Abelhas nativas, Apis mellifera, polinização, sobreposição de nicho trófico, visitantes florais, Native bees, pollination, trophic niche overlap, flower visitorsAbstract
Resumo. A grande riqueza de abelhas está atrelada à grande diversidade de plantas com flores, que possuem certas atratividades para garantir a visita às flores, e consequente polinização. No Rio Grande do Sul, estudos sobre a fauna de abelhas e a flora apícola associada já foram realizados, porém ainda são escassos. Desta forma, correlacionamos os táxons de abelhas e espécies de plantas coletados em uma área florestal urbana e verificamos as relações ecológicas e tróficas entre elas, especialmente ao nicho da abelha exótica Apis mellifera Linnaeus, sobre as abelhas silvestres. Coletamos nas flores um total de 2.772 abelhas determinadas em cinco famílias, 54 gêneros e 88 táxons. Apidae foi a família melhor representada com 35 espécies e 2.047 indivíduos. As abelhas foram coletadas em 43 espécies de plantas classificadas em 19 famílias botânicas sendo Asteraceae a mais visitada. A planta com o maior número de abelhas coletadas foi Citrus sinensis (L.), 30% do total, tendo A. mellifera a mais representativa. 34% dos táxons de abelhas estão correlacionados às espécies de plantas visitadas, contudo, quando verificamos esta correlação excluindo a espécie A. mellifera,ocorre um aumento significativo, atingindo 93%. A manutenção deste fragmento vegetal a suas flores é importante para conservação da biodiversidade apifauna local.
Diversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and floral visitation in an Atlantic Forest area in southern Brazil
Abstract. The high bees’ richness is associated to the great diversity of flowering plants, which have some attractiveness to ensure flowers visiting and the consequent pollination. In Rio Grande do Sul state, studies on the bee fauna associated with bee flora have already been made but are uncommon. In this way, the taxa of bees and plants species visited were correlated, and the ecological and trophic relations between them, particularly in relation to the niche of the exotic bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus on wild bees were analyzed, in an urban forest area. We collected 2,772 bees from the flowers, determined in five families, 54 genera and 88 taxa. Apidae was the best family represented with 35 species and 2,047 individuals. The bees were collected from 43 plants species, classified in 19 botanical families, Asteraceae are the most visited. The plant with the largest number of bees collected was Citrus sinensis (L.), 30% of the bees, and the A. mellifera the most representative. 34% of the taxa of bees are correlated to the species of plants visited, however, when we see this correlation excluding A. mellifera, there is a significant increase, reaching 93%. The maintenance of this plant fragment and the flowers is important for preserving the bees’ biodiversity in this site.
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