Levantamento da fauna de Coleoptera (Insecta) associada à carcaça de roedores na região Sul do Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i3.733Keywords:
Besouros, Biodiversidade, Insetos Necrófagos, Intervalo Pós-morte, Entomologia Forense.Abstract
Resumo. Coleoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) está entre os grupos mais importantes de organismos associados à matéria orgânica em decomposição e por isso podem ser úteis para elucidar questões no âmbito criminal. A riqueza e a abundância de besouros, incluindo os necrófagos, podem variar de acordo com as condições climáticas e fisiogeográficas presentes em diferentes regiões, tornando-se assim relevante o conhecimento da entomofauna local. A partir disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi levantar a fauna local e registrar o comportamento sazonal de espécies de coleópteros associados a carcaças de roedor expostas em ambiente silvestre no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (29°43'02.88"S 53°43'52.24"W). As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente ao longo de doze meses. Quatro carcaças de Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) de aproximadamente 400 g foram expostas, simultaneamente, em cada estação do ano, protegidas por uma gaiola de aço. Foram dispostas quatro armadilhas de queda ao redor de cada carcaça. Um total de 1.856 espécimes pertencentes a 14 famílias de Coleoptera foram coletados. A maior abundância foi observada na primavera (N= 1.006), seguida por verão (N= 518), inverno (N= 319) e outono (N= 26). Registros da fauna necrófaga para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ainda são bastante escassos. Além de contribuir com o fomento de banco de dados de espécies de besouros para uso forense, espera-se que estudo possa estimular a realização de mais levantamentos faunísticos, tendo em vista a importância de dois biomas na região Sul no que diz respeito à biodiversidade, o Pampa e a Mata Atlântica.
Survey of Coleoptera fauna (Insecta) associated with carcasses of rodents in Southern Brazil
Abstract. Coleoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) is considered one of the most important organism groups associated with organic matter decomposition and therefore may be useful to elucidate issues in the criminal context. The richness and abundance of beetles, including the necrophagous species, may vary according to climatic and physiogeographic conditions in different regions, thus the knowledge of the local entomofauna becomes relevant. Thereby, this study aimed to survey the local fauna and register the seasonal behavior of Coleoptera species associated with rodent carcasses exposed in a rural environment at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29°43'02.88"S 53°43'52.24"W). The collections were carried out quarterly throughout 12 months. Four Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) carcasses weighing approximately 400 g were exposed, simultaneously, in each season, protected by a steel cage. Four pitfall traps were arranged around each carcass. A total of 1,856 specimens belonging to 14 families of Coleoptera were collected. The greatest abundance was observed during spring (N= 1,006), followed by summer (N= 518), winter (N= 319) and fall (N= 26). Records of the necrophagous entomofauna of Rio Grande do Sul are still scarce. Beyond contributing to the database promotion of the necrophagous species of beetle as a forensic purpose, it is expected that this paper may instigate the achievement of more faunistic surveys, regarding the biodiversity matter of two singular biomes present in the South region, Pampa and Atlantic Forest.
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