Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Urban Streams: is There a Best Time of Day to Sample Them?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v9i2.551Keywords:
Aquatic insects, Cerrado, emergence of chironomids, pupal sampling, urban streams, Amostragem de pupas, córregos urbanos, emergência de chironomídeos, insetos aquáticosAbstract
Abstract. The use of pupal exuviae is a method that allows evaluating the environmental condition using information provided by the diversity of Chironomidae. The exuviae can disperse over distances up to 100 m from where the adults emerged, allowing perform detailed studies on the local community. The aim of this study was verify whether there are differences in the taxonomic richness and abundance in the emergence of pupal exuviae of Chironomidae during different periods of day in three urban Cerrado streams. The samples were taken in the dry season of July 2011, in three first-order streams located nearby Anápolis municipality, Goiás State, Brazil, using drift nets for a period ranging from 8 to 20 h, with removal and replacement of the drift nets every two hours period. 6.129 exuviae were collected in the three streams and the Onconeura and Polypedilum generatotaled 70% of all individuals collected. The time at 16 h was the most representative of the number of exuviae collected, while the first time (8 h) had the lowest amount of exuviae. The genera richness and abundance of exuviae did not show changes according to the time of day on the streams, indicating that there is not a period in which there is a greater frequency of adult emergence of Chironomidae.
Exúvias de Pupa de Chironomidae (Diptera) em Riachos Urbanos de Cerrado: existe um Melhor Horário do Dia para Amostrar?
Resumo. O uso de exúvias de pupa é um método que permite avaliar condições ambientais utilizando informações da diversidade de Chironomidae. Exúvias de pupas podem se dispersar em distâncias de até 100 m dos locais onde os adultos emergiram, permitindo realizar estudos sobre a comunidade local. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existem diferenças na riqueza taxonômica e abundância em exúvias surgidas de pupa de Chironomidae durante diferentes períodos do dia em córregos urbanos do Bioma Cerrado. As amostras foram coletadas na estação seca de julho de 2011, em três riachos de primeira ordem localizados próximos à cidade de Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil, utilizando redes de deriva por um período que variou de 8-20 h, com remoção e substituição das redes a cada duas horas. Foram coletadas 6129 exúvias nos três córregos e os gêneros Onconeura e Polypedilum totalizaram 70% de todos os indivíduos coletados. O horário de 16 h foi o mais representativo em relação ao número de exuvias coletadas, enquanto que as exúvias coletadas às 8 h foram menos abundantes. A riqueza e a abundância de gêneros de exúvias não apresentaram mudanças de acordo com o horário do dia nos córregos estudados, indicando que não existe um período no qual há uma maior frequência de aparecimento de Chironomidae adulto.
References
Almeida, V.L.S., M.E.L. Larraz
Anjos, A.F. & A.M. Takeda, 2010. Estrutura da comunidade das larvas de Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera), em diferentes substratos artificiais e fases h
Bispo, P.C. & L.G. Oliveira, 1998. Distribui
Bispo, P.C., L.G. Oliveira, V.L. Cresci & M.M. Silva, 2001. A pluviosidade como fator de altera
Bonada N., N. Prat, V.H. Resh & B. Statzner, 2006. Developments in aquatic insect biomonitoring: a comparative analysis of recente approaches. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 495-523. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151124.
Borror, D.J & D.M. Delong, 1988. Introdu
Bouchard Jr., R.W. & J.L.C. Ferrington, 2008. Identification Guide and Key to Chironomid Pupal Exuviae in Mongolian Lakes, Chironomid Research Group. Version 1. Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 72 p.
Bouchard Jr., R.W. & L.C. Ferrington, 2011. The effects of subsampling and sampling frequency on the use of surface-floating pupal exuviae to measure Chironomidae (Diptera) communities in wadeable temperate streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 181: 205-223. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1824-6.
Buss, D.F., D.F. Baptista & J.L. Nessimian, 2003. Bases conceituais para a aplica
Coffman, W.P. & C. De la Rosa, 1998. Taxonomic composition and temporal organization of tropical and temperate species assemblages of lotic Chironomidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71: 388-406.
Cranston, P.S., 1995. Medical significance. In: Armitage, P.D., P.S. Cranston & L.C.V Pinder (Eds.). The Chironomidae: the biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman & Hall, London, 572 p.
Epler, J.H., 2001. Identification Manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. A guide to the taxonomy of the midges of the southeastern United States, including Florida. Special Publication SJ2001-SP13. Noth Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL, 526 p.
Everaert, G., J.D. Neve, P. Boets, L. Dominguez-Granda, S.T. Mereta, A. Ambelu, T.H. Hoang, P.L.M. Goethals & O. Thas, 2014. Comparison of the abiotic preferences of macroinvertebrates in Tropical River Basins. PLoS ONE, 9: 1-17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108898.
Ferrington, L.C., M.A. Blackwood, C.A. Wright, N.H. Crisp, J.L. Kavanaugh & F.J. Schmidt, 1991. A protocol for using surface-floating pupal exuviae of Chironomidae for rapid bioassessment of changing water quality. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 203: 181-190.
F
Gendron, J.M. & H. Laville, 1992. Diel emergence patterns of drifting chironomid (Diptera) pupal exuviae in the Aude River (Eastern Pyrenees, France). Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 26: 273-279. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02255252.
Hardwick, R.A., P.D. Cooper, P.S. Cranston, C.L. Humphreys & P.L. Dostine, 1995. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of drifting pupal exuviae of Chironomidae (Diptera) in streams of tropical northen Australia. Freshwater Biology, 34: 569-578. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00914.x.
Hsu, C. & P. Yang, 2005. Examining the relationship between aquatic insect assemblages and water variables by ordination techniques. Formosan Entomology, 25: 67-85.
Ivkovic, M., M. Milisa, A. Previsic, A. Popijac & Z. Mihaljevic, 2013. Environmental control of emergence patterns: case study of changes in hourly and daily emergence of aquatic insects at constant and variable water temperatures. International Review of Hydrobiology, 98: 104-115. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.201301483.
Jacobsen, R.E., 2008. A Key to the Pupal Exuviae of the Midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) of Everglades National Park, Florida. United States Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report, 2008-5082, 119 p. Available on: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5082>.
Kranzfelder, P. & L.C. Ferrington, 2015. Characterization of Chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae sample sort time from coastal tropical aquatic systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187: 70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4313-0.
Maschwitz, D.E. & E.F. Cook, 2000. Revision of the Nearctic Species of the Genus Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Subgenera P. (Polypedilum) Kieffer and P. (Urespedilum) Oyewo and Saether. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin, 12: 135 p.
Pinder, L.C.V. & F. Reiss, 1983. The Larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holoarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: T. Wiederholm (Ed.). Chironomidae of the Holoarctic region. Part. 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 19: 293-435.
R Core Team, 2014. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available on: <https://cran.r-project.org>.
Rosenberg, D.M. & V.H. Resh, 1993. Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. In: Rosenberg, D.M. & V.H. Resh (Eds.). Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, 488 p.
Rufer, M.M. & L.C. Ferrington, 2007. Key to the Chironomidae Pupal Exuviae in the Twin Cities Metro Area Lentic Waters. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA, 100 p. Available on: <http://midge.cfans.umn.edu/files/2012/09/Rufer_pupalkey1.pdf>.
Siqueira, T. & S. Trivinho-Strixino, 2005. Diversidade de Chironomidae (Diptera) em dois c
Siqueira, T., F.O. Roque & S. Trivinho-Strixino, 2008. Phenological patterns of neotropical lotic chironomids: Is emergence constrained by environmental factors? Austral Ecology, 33:902-910. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01885.x.
Sublette, J.E., L.E. Stevens & J.P. Shannon, 1998. Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, I: systematics and ecology. Great Basin Naturalist, 58: 97-146. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12137.
Thienemann, A., 1910. Das Sammeln Von puppernhauten der Chironomiden. Archiv f
Ubero-Pascal, N., M. Torraiva, F. Olive-Paterna & J. Malo, 2000. Seasonal and diel periodicity of the drift of pupall exuviae of chironomid (Diptera) in the Mundo River (S.E. Spain). Archiv F
Wiedenbrug, S., H.F. Mendes, N. Pepinelli, & S. Trivinho-Strixino, 2009. Review of the genus Onconeura Anderesen et Saether (Diptera: Chironomidae), with the description of four new species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2265: 1-26.
Wiederholm, T., 1986. Chironomidae of the Holartic region: Keys and diagnoses. Part II: Pupae. Scandinavian Entomology Supplement, 28: 299-456.
Wilson, R.S. & J.D. McGill, 1979. The use of chironomid pupal exuviae for biological surveillance of water quality. Technical Memo N
Wilson, R.S. & P.L. Bright, 1973. The use of chironomid pupal exuviae for characterizing streams. Freshwater Biology, 3: 283-302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1973.tb00923.x.
Wilson, R.S., 1992. Monitoring organic enrichment of rivers using chironomid pupal exuvial assemblages. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 26: 521-525. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02255285.
Wilson, R.S., 1996. A practical key to the genera of pupal exuviae of the British Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta). Privately published, Mudgley Elms, Somerset, UK, 98 p.
Wright, I.A. & S. Burgin, 2010. Diel variation in chironomid (Diptera: Insecta) exuviae abundance and taxonomic richness in near-pristine upland streams of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, South-Eastern Australia. Aquatic Ecology, 44: 131-141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-009-9257-4.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Access is unrestricted and the documentation available on the Creative Commons License (BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).
I declare for proper purposes that the copyright of the submitted text is now licensed in the form of the Creative Commons License, as specified above.
The copyright of the article belongs to the authors
