Effects of different levels of artificial defoliation on the vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean

Eires Tosta Fernandes; Crébio José Ávila; Ivana Fernandes da Silva

doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v15.e991

Authors

Eires Tosta Fernandes Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-1829
Crébio José Ávila Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Dourados, MS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-7220
Ivana Fernandes da Silva Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3533-5508

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v15.e991

Keywords:

Glycine max (L.), level of action, phenological stage, productivity

Abstract

Any factor that may limit the leaf area of the crop in soybean may compromise its development and, consequently, its productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of artificial defoliation performed in the vegetative and reproductive stages of two soybean cultivars, FT Campo Mourão and Brasmax Potência. The treatments consisted in: 1) Without defoliation throughout the culture cycle; 2) 16.7% defoliation in the vegetative stage; 3) 33.3% on vegetative stage; 4) 16.7% on reproductive stage; 5) 33.3% on reproductive stage; 6) 16.7% throughout the soybean cycle; 7) 33.3% defoliation throughout the soybean cycle. Regardless of the level of defoliation performed on soybeans, it was found that the cultivar Brasmax Potência presented the higher values of plant height, number of pods/plant and green weight of the aerial part, when compared to cultivar FT Campo Mourão. However, the number of pods/plant, green weight of the areal part, grain yield and weight of the seeds were not influenced by the defoliation intensities applied to the soybean. Based on the results, the threshold level of 30% of defoliation in the vegetative stage or 15% in the reproductive stage of soybean is still considered valid for the control of defoliating caterpillars in soybean crop.

References

Bahry, CA, EL Dantas, E Venske, M Nardino, PD Zimmer, VQ Souza & BO Caron, 2013. Efeito da desfolha na fase vegetativa em alguns caracteres agronômicos da cultivar de soja BMX Potência RR. Brazilian Journal of Agriculture, 88: 179-184.

Balbinot, JAA, SO Procópio, H Debiase, JC Franchini & F Panison, 2015. Semeadura cruzada em cultivares de soja com tipo de crescimento determinado. Semina: Ciências Agrarias, 36:1215-1226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1215

Bhering, LL, 2017. Rbio: A tool for biometric and statistical analysis using the R platform. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 17: 187-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332017v17n2s29

Borém, A, T Sediyama & F Silva, 2015. Soja: do plantio a colheita. Viçosa: UFV.

Bortolotto, OC, A Pomari-Fernandes, RCOF Bueno, AF Bueno, YKS Kruz, AP Queiroz, A Sanzovo & RB Ferreira, 2015. The use of soybean integrated pest management in Brazil: A review. Agronomy Science and Biotechnology, 1: 25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2015v1i1p25

Bueno, AF, MJ Batistela & F Moscardi 2010. Níveis de desfolha tolerados na cultura da soja sem a ocorrência de prejuízos à produtividade. Circular Técnica 79. Embrapa Soja. Londrina.

CONAB, 2020. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira de grãos - Safra 2019/20 - Segundo levantamento, Brasília. Available in: <http://www.conab.gov.br>. [Access: 21.iii.2021].

Fazolin, M, JS Pessoa, Jr DL Amaral, WSA Oliveira & CR Costa, 2001. Determinação do Nível de Ação para o controle da vaquinha-do-feijoeiro no Acre. Comunicado Técnico 134. Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco.

Fernandes, ET & CJ Ávila, 2016. Efeito de diferentes tipos de injúrias causadas nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da soja. EntomoBrasilis, 9 :193-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v9i3.643

Gazzoni, DL & F Moscardi, 1998. Effect of defoliation levels on recovery of leaf area, on yield and agronomic traits of soybeans. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 33: 411-424.

Glier, CAS, JB Duarte Júnior, GM Fachin, ACT Costa, VF Guimarães & CR Mrozinski, 2015. Defoliation percentage in two soybean cultivars at different growth stages. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 19: 567–573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n6p567-573

Haile, FJ, LG Higley & JE Specht, 1998. Soybean cultivars and insect defoliation: yield loss and economic injury levels. Agronomy Journal, 90: 344-352.

Krinski, D & LA Foerster, 2017. Simulated attack of defoliating insects on upland rice cultivated in new agricultural frontier from Amazon Rainforest region (Brazil) and its effect on grain production. Bioscience Journal, 33: 95-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v33n1a2017-32743

Li, X, S An, AE Eneji & K Tanabe, 2006. Salinity and defoliation effects on soybean growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29: 1499-1508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600837642

Lima, M, CAS Junior, L Rausch, HK Gibbs & JA Johann, 2019. Demystifying sustainable soy in Brazil. Land Use Policy. 82: 349-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.016

Lourenção, ALF, ARG Bezerra, AM Melotto, DC Gitti & JFJ Grigolli, 2019 (eds). Tecnologia e Produção Soja. Safra 2017/2018. Curitiba: Midiograf.

Monteiro, MA, F Koch, FLL Nobre, FS Zulli, BOM Araújo, EG Borges, T Pedó, TZ Aumonde & EL Santos, 2017. Intensidade de desfolha e desempenho de plantas de soja com diferentes hábitos de crescimento. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 16: 265-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18188/1983-1471/sap.v16n1p265-269

Moscardi, F, AF Bueno, DR Sosa-Gomez, S Roggia, CB Hoffmann-Campo, A Pomari-Fernandes, IC Corso & SAC Yano, 2012. Artrópodes que atacam folhas da soja. In: CB Hoffman-Campo, BS Corrêa-Ferreira & F Moscardi (eds.). Soja: manejo integrado de insetos e outros artrópodes praga. Brasília, DF: Embrapa.

Murúa, MG, MA Vera, M Herrero, SV Fogliata & A Michel, 2018. Defoliation of soybean expressing Cry1Ac by lepidopteran pests. Insects, 9: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9030093

Ostlie, KR & LP Pedigo, 1985. Soybean response to simulated green clover worm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) defoliation: progress towards determining comprehensive economic injury levels. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78 :437-444.

Parcianello, G, JÁ Costa, JLF Pires, L Rambo & K Saggin, 2004. Tolerância da soja ao desfolhamento afetada pela redução do espaçamento entre fileiras. Ciência Rural, 34: 357-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782004000200004

Peluzio, JM, HB Barros, RNC Rocha, RR Silva & IR Nascimento, 2002. Influência do desfolhamento artificial no rendimento de grão e componentes de produção da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 26: 1197-1203.

Perini, LJ, NSF Junior, D Destro & CEC Prete, 2012. Componentes da produção em cultivares de soja com crescimento determinando e indeterminado. Ciências Agrárias, 33: 2531-2544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2012v33Supl1p2531

Ribeiro, ALP & EC Costa, 2000. Desfolhamento em estádios de desenvolvimento da soja, cultivar BR 16, no rendimento de grãos. Ciência Rural, 30:767-771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782000000500004

Schmildt, ER, JAT Amaral, D Pratissoli & EF Reis, 2010. Influência de desfolhas artificiais para simular perdas na produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. xamego). Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 77: 457-463.

Taiz, L, E Zeiger, I Moller & A Murphy, 2017. Fisiologia e desenvolvimento vegetal. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Todd, JW & LW Morgan, 1972. Effects of hand defoliation on yield and seed weight of soybeans. Journal of Economic Entomology, 65: 567-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/65.2.567

Toloi, MNV, SH Bonilla, RC Toloi, HRO Silva & IA Nääs, 2021. Development Indicators and Soybean Production in Brazil. Agriculture, 11: 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111164

Turnipseed, SG, 1972. Response of soybeans to foliage losses in South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 65: 224-229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/65.1.224

Zanon, AJ, NA Streck, GL Richter, CC Becker, TSM Rocha, LC Cera, JEM Winck, AP Cardoso, EL Tagliapietra & PS Webe, 2015. Contribuição das ramificações e a evolução do índice de área foliar em cultivares modernas de soja. Bragantia, 74: 279-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.0463